Balance Scorecard of Great Persons Inc Case Study - Free Sample

Question: Examine about the Balance Scorecard of Great Persons Inc. Answer: Presentation This report considers the possibilities of Balance Scorecard and the manners in which association has been executing the equivalent for their prosperity. According to Boscia and McAfee (2014), the goal of this report is to concentrate on the usage of Balance Scorecard and how effective it has been in associations that have just done it. The principle target of this report is to build up a BSC for Great Persons, Inc, an American association. A methodology map has additionally been actualized for a similar association for its general improvement. Extraordinary people, Inc needs to move from its ordinary type of monetary device for picking up data that is increasingly pertinent. Parity Scorecard Basic of Scorecard Parity scorecard can be depicted as a planned arranging and management framework used to help the exercises of business with the hierarchical vision. As indicated by Lakshmi and Rao (2017), in a large portion of the cases logically, a Balance Scorecard tries to decipher vague, ethical any expectation of an associations articulation of vision into the reasonable items of administrating the business prevalent at each level. Parity Scorecard headway is to take a comprehensive perspective on an organization and synchronize the MDIs so as to encounter the degree of proficiency by all the divisions of the association (Schalock et al. 2014). To get onto on the way of the Balance Scorecard an association has to know the crucial vision articulation alongside the vital arrangement. Different things that ought to likewise be centered around are the associations budgetary status, the manners in which the association is working in the current situation, the fulfillment level of representatives and the skill level of their representatives. Parity Scorecard-Factors models Office Zones Interior Process of Business Measure of activities per work Robotization of procedures Arrangement of procedures (right movement for right areas) Copy exercises per task Fund Degree of profitability (ROI) Income Profit for Employed capital Quarterly and Yearly Financial outcomes Development and Learning Finding the correct degree of skill for work Turnover of representatives Fulfillment in Jobs Openings in Learning and Training Client Execution of conveyance to client Pace of fulfillment of clients Pace of client maintenance When the association is through with the assessment of the quantifiable consequences of the above expressed components they ought to be set up in utilizing the strategy for Balance Scorecard for improving the zones where there is presence of enough insufficiency (Coe and Letza 2014). Alongside it the measurements that ought to be set up should be founded on SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Timely) for improving the estimating principles. Use of Balance Scorecard effective organizations In the current situation, the administrators need to distinguish the brunt that measures by and large have on the introduction. Nonetheless, they don't believe estimation to be an indispensable piece of their every day technique. For example, administrators may start new techniques and imaginative procedures in working anticipated in achieving penetrate execution alongside continuation of the use of momentary pointers of fund that have been utilized for quite a long time like quantifiable profit (ROI), development in deals and working continues (Perkins, Gray and Remmers 2014). These sorts of directors for the most part flop in presenting new measures in examining new objectives and methodology and in whether to proceed with the old strategies and importance of the creative proposition. Solid estimation should be a fundamental piece of the procedure of the executives. As indicated by Kaplan, R. furthermore, Anderson, S.R., 2013, Balance Scorecard offers the chiefs a total structure that deciphers the vital goals of an organization into a discerning arrangement of estimation of execution. Parity Scorecard is an arrangement of the board that helps in inspiring penetrate advancements in certain basic regions like item, methods and improvement of market. Examples of overcoming adversity Mecklenburg County, NC There was absence of any kind of soundness and maintainable loom to accomplish the vision in Mecklenburg County that didn't have any kind of reliable model for settling on choices with respect to financing that is being founded on priority and auditing the bigger effect of those choices. Mecklenburg required building up a model and structure for settling on choices that could be unwavering in spite of the monetary condition or belief system identified with legislative issues. They did not have any kind of route in anticipating the drawn out impact of the choice, however with the execution of the framework, it prompted an entrance execution towards achieving the vision of County and directly it is being used in Mecklenburg County. It is an essential piece of how the County is administered that has become reproduction for other civil governments the nation over. Equalization Scorecard to non-benefit association Equalization Scorecard are required by the non-benefit associations as it has been considered as an incredible actualize for depiction of procedure and execution. Equalization Scorecard helps with depicting an arrangement, concentrating on activities that issues lastly achieving the procedure gainfully. According to Knowles, Greatbanks and Manville (2016), non-benefit associations may experience issues with an articulation of the system, however simply attempting BSC would encourage them to encase their musings about procedure in the correct conceivable manner. It likewise helps in talking the comparative kind of language with those creation gifts. Certain gifts that are being made to the not-for-profit associations are commonly arranged by revenue driven association. Hierarchical officials utilize BSC for their planned arranging. Non-benefit associations have a methodology that can be very much clarified with the Balance Scorecard showing more chances of getting required subsidizing, as they talk with the budgetary givers in a similar language of business (Rampersad and Hussain 2014). As a rule, revenue driven associations concede to the points of view of BSC; 1. Monetary 2. Client 3. Operational, 4. Learning. Be that as it may, if there should be an occurrence of not-for-profit associations there has not been any such understanding Revenue driven business associations are the individuals who have the propensity for ordinarily of putting into the social projects of non-benefit association. They see monetary markers on their own scorecards and for a similar they like to have a tantamount path in following the exhibition of their ventures that is social in nature in the non-benefit associations. Non-benefit associations lean toward a standard request of their points of view: Standard request: Financial; Customer; Operational; Learning Notwithstanding, it has frequently been seen that chiefs of certain non-benefit associations deal with fund as a source, which they would prefer not to have it at the highest point of the request. The test with this issue is that it is difficult to follow that kind of BCSs circumstances and logical results rationale. Fund at Bottom: Customer; Operational; Learning; Finance For good cause, the core business is disseminating on the crucial misery, helping individuals in returning to work and sparing the lives of the creatures. Numerous non-benefit associations like Christian Childrens Fund of Canada have executed the strategy for Balance Scorecard inside their association in assisting with dealing with their progression in achieving their favored results. This Balance Scorecard approach have empowers such non-benefit associations in estimating results and getting the required changes to the differed promoting and operational projects in accomplishing their central goal. Six unique stances can be proposed for the non-benefit looking for associations: - Allocation of assets - Donors - Funding and income - Internal procedures and activities - Learning Innovation The classes of interior procedures/activities and learning and development are the most invigorating elements for the consolidated advertisers featuring on innovation factor and the necessary foundation and abilities, culture and arrangement basic with the end goal of incorporated promoting (Matthews 2015). While executing the methodology of Balance Scorecard, it is hard to ignore the effect of business-coordinated showcasing. Non-benefit associations have consistently been strategic, concentrating totally on the reason they have set out. Malignant growth Societys characterizing of achievement ought not be restoring disease yet dropping the passings that have been brought about by malignancy. This helps the malignancy society in concentrating less on the examination work and more on early acknowledgment and other discouragement rehearses. Assessing Balance Score Card Kaplan and Norton are the two renowned people that have in their credit the advancement of Balanced Scorecard Model in 1992. The fundamental reason behind the development of the technique was to give association something that could give them a strong grasp on the estimation of their money related execution (Chen, Chiang and Story 2012). Inside only ten years, 1000 of organizations have are en route to use the device to gauge their budgetary exhibition. The rundown of the organizations is loaded with private, open and non-benefit associations. The conventional measurement utilized for the budgetary presentation of the Company was just meant to quantify the money related area of the Company. Be that as it may, the model has empowered in including some more measurements into the money related estimation strategies. The additional measurements are, for example, client, learning development and inner procedure (Biazzo and Garengo 2012). Regardless of the considerable number of popularities that the model has gathered, it missed the mark as far as its affectivity. This is a direct result of the way that outcomes were shifted from fruitful to ineffective to no substantial outcomes.

Problem Solving Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critical thinking - Research Paper Example Utilizing the critical thinking method, which suggests that so as to concoct an all around educated answer for a specific issue, you should apply the accompanying interrelating determinations, contingent upon the kind of the difficult you are confronting. They include: b) Analyzing the issue surveying the present circumstance by understanding the wellspring of the issue, how it coincides with the current turn of events and whether there is a positive situation to encourage assessment of arrangements. It additionally includes setting an appraisal model for assessing choices. c) Generate numerous answers for your difficult that appear to be reasonable without fundamentally passing judgment on the possibility of the arrangement you have expressed. Subsequently, will help catch the choices that can be utilized to think of an answer. fundamentally, this principally includes the amount and not the nature of the thought. d) Analyze the potential arrangements shortlisted before taking note of the bit of leeway and drawback side of the potential arrangement without assessing it. furthermore, thi might be finished by posting the advantages and disadvantages of every conceivable arrangement and gauging them against one another. This examination is fundamental in figuring out which arrangement appears to be substantial for the case. e) Select the best arrangement by searching for the different affecting variables of the potential arrangements and can be through gauging the upsides of a potential arrangement and think about the reasonability of each. morover, you may wind up with numerous or no reasonable arrangement calling for reconsidering the issue again or in any event, taking a gander at the issue definition again. f) Jot down the following game-plan that you are going to take or rather the execution of the potential arrangement or arrangements. It takes a course of activities at various occasions later on in a consecutive request. This require some serious energy since execution is a procedure. The issue in situation one is really thinking on completing my instruction,

ISEF, BAMF, and other west coast adventures

ISEF, BAMF, and other west coast adventures Im blogging from above approximately Michigan en route from Boston to San Francisco. Ill be spending two weeks on the left coast for a mix of professional and personal travel. I typically blog about these kinds of trips retrospectively but figured Id lead on the front end for this trip to a) explain why I might be uncharacteristically quiet on the blogs for the rest of the month, b) alert Californians to some interesting opportunities and events, and c) illustrate the bicoastal life that I (and a lot of other MIT people) increasingly live on different ends of the Boston - Bay Area wormhole. So, heres a quick overview of what my next two weeks (probably) will look like: May 13-14: Bae-Area Bloggers Ill arrive this afternoon, try to grab a quick coffee with CMS/Civic classmate Rodrigo, who now runs product at Neighborly, before heading over to a celebration dinner for Jess K. 10 graduating from med school. Tomorrow, Ill drive down to South Bay and conduct reconnaissance work out at Stanford; Im there often enough that I keep spare Cardinal gym passes in my wallet (as Allan K. 17 once put it, Stanford is never far from MIT). Grab some brunch with a friend in Palo Alto and then stop by the Stupid Shit No One Needs And Terrible Ideas Hackathon to hang out with Rachel F. 12 and Danny B.D. 15 before flying to LAX that night. May 15-19: ISEF @ LA This coming week Ill be tabling at ISEF, the worlds largest and most prestigious science and engineering research competition for high school students (you can read my trip reports for ISEF in 2015 and 2016). ISEF is a great competition that sends many alumni to MIT and is broadly aligned with the international strategy recently announced by MIT. Ill be holding down booth 307 in the ISEF Commons with Laurie Stach and her team from MIT Launch, as well as giving symposia talks on the application process for researchers and international students. Anna H. 14, blogger alumna (and now PhD student at Dread Caltech), will probably be helping me out at the table, along with some of our LA ECs. If you are at ISEF, come say hi; if youre in the area, definitely stop by the competition on Thursday, which is Public Day and when the finalists are at their projects to talk about with the lay public. Its a great opportunity to see some of the most promising future scientists and engineers ahead of time, like seeing a future Hall of Famer play at your local minor league affiliate. ISEF will take up lots of my time, so I wont get to do much else in LA, but Im definitely going to try to see some of my old CMS friends who are PhD students at USC and eat crazy-good LA food. May 20-21: BAMF Next weekend Ill return to the Bay for the annual Maker Faire Bay Area to give a talk about our Maker Portfolio. Longtime readers will remember that I typically visit the big Faires in Bay Area and New York to give versions of this talk. Its also a good time to catch up with my MakerEd colleagues from the Open Portfolio Project, which is coordinated by Stephanie Chang 05. Plus watch giant robots fight (which still needs volunteers, btw!). This weekend will also hopefully feature a blogger reunion BBQ; rest assured I will post it if that happens. May 22-26: Civics in the Sun Next week, Ill head down to San Diego. My plan is to take Monday and Tuesday as hard vacation: no work or email, just surfing and reading. Starting Wednesday Ill be attending Partnership for Progress on the Digital Divide (PPDD), a conference organized in conjunction with the International Communications Association (ICA), which is the big annual conference in the field. Im going to present on research Ive been conducting at Civic on Internet filtering in public schools and libraries as part of an broader project on contemporary censorship in public institutions. Ive been continuing this kind of research since I finished grad school as a way to stay current and involved with academic research and policy interventions I care about while working a job in admissions I love. Then, if all goes well, Ill get back in Boston on Saturday morning, just in time to catch the final two days of Boston Calling, with Memorial Day as a Day-Of-Reckoning-With-My-Laundry before returning to regularly scheduled admissions office work on Tuesday. Thats the plan, anyway! Please feel free to come by and say hi at ISEF or Maker Faire, and Ill post a trip report with pictures (and restaurants) when I return. Post Tagged #Intel ISEF (International Science and Engineering Fair) #Intel ISEF (International Science and Engineering Fair) #Maker Faire #Maker Portfolio

ISEF, BAMF, and other west coast adventures

ISEF, BAMF, and other west coast adventures Im blogging from above approximately Michigan en route from Boston to San Francisco. Ill be spending two weeks on the left coast for a mix of professional and personal travel. I typically blog about these kinds of trips retrospectively but figured Id lead on the front end for this trip to a) explain why I might be uncharacteristically quiet on the blogs for the rest of the month, b) alert Californians to some interesting opportunities and events, and c) illustrate the bicoastal life that I (and a lot of other MIT people) increasingly live on different ends of the Boston - Bay Area wormhole. So, heres a quick overview of what my next two weeks (probably) will look like: May 13-14: Bae-Area Bloggers Ill arrive this afternoon, try to grab a quick coffee with CMS/Civic classmate Rodrigo, who now runs product at Neighborly, before heading over to a celebration dinner for Jess K. 10 graduating from med school. Tomorrow, Ill drive down to South Bay and conduct reconnaissance work out at Stanford; Im there often enough that I keep spare Cardinal gym passes in my wallet (as Allan K. 17 once put it, Stanford is never far from MIT). Grab some brunch with a friend in Palo Alto and then stop by the Stupid Shit No One Needs And Terrible Ideas Hackathon to hang out with Rachel F. 12 and Danny B.D. 15 before flying to LAX that night. May 15-19: ISEF @ LA This coming week Ill be tabling at ISEF, the worlds largest and most prestigious science and engineering research competition for high school students (you can read my trip reports for ISEF in 2015 and 2016). ISEF is a great competition that sends many alumni to MIT and is broadly aligned with the international strategy recently announced by MIT. Ill be holding down booth 307 in the ISEF Commons with Laurie Stach and her team from MIT Launch, as well as giving symposia talks on the application process for researchers and international students. Anna H. 14, blogger alumna (and now PhD student at Dread Caltech), will probably be helping me out at the table, along with some of our LA ECs. If you are at ISEF, come say hi; if youre in the area, definitely stop by the competition on Thursday, which is Public Day and when the finalists are at their projects to talk about with the lay public. Its a great opportunity to see some of the most promising future scientists and engineers ahead of time, like seeing a future Hall of Famer play at your local minor league affiliate. ISEF will take up lots of my time, so I wont get to do much else in LA, but Im definitely going to try to see some of my old CMS friends who are PhD students at USC and eat crazy-good LA food. May 20-21: BAMF Next weekend Ill return to the Bay for the annual Maker Faire Bay Area to give a talk about our Maker Portfolio. Longtime readers will remember that I typically visit the big Faires in Bay Area and New York to give versions of this talk. Its also a good time to catch up with my MakerEd colleagues from the Open Portfolio Project, which is coordinated by Stephanie Chang 05. Plus watch giant robots fight (which still needs volunteers, btw!). This weekend will also hopefully feature a blogger reunion BBQ; rest assured I will post it if that happens. May 22-26: Civics in the Sun Next week, Ill head down to San Diego. My plan is to take Monday and Tuesday as hard vacation: no work or email, just surfing and reading. Starting Wednesday Ill be attending Partnership for Progress on the Digital Divide (PPDD), a conference organized in conjunction with the International Communications Association (ICA), which is the big annual conference in the field. Im going to present on research Ive been conducting at Civic on Internet filtering in public schools and libraries as part of an broader project on contemporary censorship in public institutions. Ive been continuing this kind of research since I finished grad school as a way to stay current and involved with academic research and policy interventions I care about while working a job in admissions I love. Then, if all goes well, Ill get back in Boston on Saturday morning, just in time to catch the final two days of Boston Calling, with Memorial Day as a Day-Of-Reckoning-With-My-Laundry before returning to regularly scheduled admissions office work on Tuesday. Thats the plan, anyway! Please feel free to come by and say hi at ISEF or Maker Faire, and Ill post a trip report with pictures (and restaurants) when I return. Post Tagged #Intel ISEF (International Science and Engineering Fair) #Intel ISEF (International Science and Engineering Fair) #Maker Faire #Maker Portfolio

How To Build Your Spanish Vocabulary

A big part of learning any foreign language is learning the vocabulary — the collection of words used by those who speak the language. Fortunately for English speakers learning Spanish, there is a large overlap in the vocabulary. Thats because Spanish is a direct descendant of Latin while English received an infusion of Latin-derived vocabulary in the aftermath of the Norman Conquest of 1066. Word Similarities The overlap gives English speakers a head start in learning Spanish vocabulary. A linguist would say the two language have an abundance of cognates, words that are similar and have a common origin. But that head start comes with a price: Meanings of words change over time, and English and Spanish havent always changed in the same way. So some words, known as false friends, look like they might mean the same thing in the corresponding word of the other language. For example, something that is actual in Spanish is something thats current or happening now rather than something that isnt imaginary. And some words, ones I (but hardly anybody else) call fickle friends, correspond frequently but not so often enough that their meanings need to be learned. Arena in Spanish can refer to a sports arena, for example, but it more often refers to sand. Expanding on What You Know How many words do you need to be proficient in Spanish? Thats an open question because the answer depends on what you want to do with the language. That task of learning thousands of words may sound daunting. But there are ways you can make the task easier. One way is to take advantage of the many prefixes and suffixes, word beginnings and endings you can use. Many of the prefixes will seem familiar, because most come from Latin. Thats not as common with the suffixes. Two of the main kinds are augmentative suffixes, which can add a negative connotation to a word or refer to something thats particularly large, and diminutive suffixes, which can refer to things that are small or that are especially desirable. Memorization Memorization is seldom the most fun way to learn words, but many students benefit from it. Here are some of the word lists we provide as an aid: Top 100 Spanish words you need to knowSpanish for air travelersArabic words in SpanishSpanish arithmetic termsSpanish at the beachWords for everyday things around the homeComputer and Internet termsBody parts in SpanishCompound words in SpanishConfusing Spanish verb pairs: ser and estar, saber and conocer, othersEnglish words borrowed from SpanishGeography in Spanish: City names, definite articles with country names, nationalitiesSpanish lodging vocabularySpanish love wordsCommon and not-so-common vegetablesAlternatives for muySpanish names for occupationsSpanish names of petsSpanish astronomical termsSpanish names for relativesSpanish for ThanksgivingShopping in Spanish and Spanish names for storesSpanish units of timeSeasons in SpanishSpanish weather termsSpanish war and military termsSpanish words for whatSpanish words for snowWinter sports in SpanishU.S.-style football termsBasketball glossarySpanish at the zooWords for celebrating Halloween We also have lessons on use of particular words. Many of these lessons include comments on the words etymology, or word history. AlfabetoClaroDerecho and derechaGraciaGringoHuracà ¡nMejor and peorNoSanto For Fun It may not always be practical, but sometimes its fun to learn words just for the sake of learning them: Crossword puzzles in SpanishWhat is the longest word in Spanish? Ways to Make These Words Yours Over the years, numerous  readers of this site have offered their advice for incorporating the words into the Spanish that you can use everyday. The simple fact, though, is that what works well for one person doesnt work for everyone, as we all have our own learning styles. You might consider some of these methods, however, to see of one of them clicks for you: Make sticky notes with names of objects and place them on the things you want to be able to talk about. You cant do this everywhere, of course, but if you do this your home you can track your progress by removing the notes for words you have already learned.Create three-by-five-inch cards with vocabulary words on one side and definitions on the other. And random times during the day, compose sentences using the words.Use social media to find Spanish speakers learning English and you can help each other.

Application And Analysis ( 900-1200 Words ) Essay - 882 Words

Application and Analysis (900 - 1200 words), I have found these concepts very interesting and practical. Within the last twelve months we have five new project managers join our team. All have a few years of experience under their belt, but have never held a formal leadership position. Over the last twelve months Joe, one of the five new employees has really started to be recognized as an upcoming superstar. Many of the project sponsors are requesting Joe to lead projects for their department, and also seems to have earned the respect of all his peers. Many times I have seen peers get jealous of someone that seems to be a natural born leader, but in this case Joe has moved into an informal leadership position with his peers. He also has been assigned to different teams and quickly become the informal leader or co-leader of each team. I believe it would be helpful to take a closer look at Joe’s cognitive skills, personality traits, and his motivation to lead. If we can determine that Joe does possess many of the skil ls and traits recognized in emerging leaders I am confident this knowledge will help the leadership team quickly recognize other emerging leaders that we would want to recruit into our organization. As discussed before problem solving is a cognitive skill all leaders need, and evidence shows a correlations between cognitive skills and leader emergence and performance ( Connelly, Gilbert, Zaccaro, Threlfall, Marks, Mumford, 2000). Joe is quickly being knownShow MoreRelatedAustrali An Australian Resident2749 Words   |  11 Pagesis less than six months timeframe as outlined by the commissioner, this factor on its own proves that Pierre is not a resident of Australia. Part B 1.) Issue: Whether Carl and Jill are carrying on a business for taxation law purposes. 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The 5-Minute Rule for Long Essay Topics

The 5-Minute Rule for Long Essay Topics Even the very best writer on earth cannot compose a high-quality academic paper the evening before it's due. Other matters begin to take place too. You may use your own experience from real life and any object that's of terrific interest to you. To anyone with a basic comprehension of the norms in a different. Your argue is just what you want your crowd to trust also it should be stated in 1 sentence. You might find that a lot of the topics can be adapted to suit almost any type of writing assignment. Obviously, your explanation of the way to speak, act, and dress will differ for each scenario, and therefore don't attempt to compose an overall essay about making an excellent impression in every scenario. Each one of your wishes concerning the order matters for the writers. Choosing Long Essay Topics Is Simple Several alternative logical structures for essays are visualized as continue reading, making them simple to implement or adap t in the building of an argument. Given an essay is a lengthy bit of writing condensing into a 5 page structure is a powerful way to allow it to be comprehensive. Contemplating the truth, descriptive essay is a distinctive kind of a term paper, the structure also differs from the one that you are accustomed to. A couple of well-mapped essays are much better than an impenetrable jungle. Finding the most suitable arguments can help you prove your point and win. Naturally, it's so much better when a student is supplied a freedom to select the subject of their essay. Explain why especially you ought to be accepted to a specific college, university. To compose a fantastic argumentative essay the students first must investigate several sides of the argument, which permits them to make an educated stance. If you wish to learn how to write great essays on sociology, just take the subsequent steps. The revisions are unquestionably free! For more information on this prospective the sis statement for The Odyssey, have a look at this guide. Nothing ought to go into your essay that does not directly handle that issue. In this kind of situation, it's more convenient to discover ready-made essays and use them as an example. When it has to do with writing an argumentative essay, the main matter to do is to select a topic and an argument that you may really get behind. Talk about your essay experience. Getting the Best Long Essay Topics If it's the very first time you're likely to use our article writing service, you most likely have a lot of questions. Tell our experts what kind of homework help on the internet you will need to get. Custom writing means a critical company with high standards. Our custom writing team is going to do their very best to fulfill all your requirements. There is going to be seven topics to select from, which means that you can omit two of the topics. International topic does not really exist. It's always much much better to locate a specific, narrow topic. Argumentative essay topics a re so important since they are debatableand it's critical to at all times be critically considering the world around us. This list of topics may supply a notion you can get excited about. Deciding on an emotional topic is also a great idea. Different varieties of specializations. Year round school isn't a good idea. Long-term finance is when money is required for over five decades. Every student demands help with homework from time to time. Two hundred fifty decades of slavery. When it is argumentative or informative essays, you have to develop a topic that may grab the interest of the reader very quickly and this isn't such an easy job. Organization blogging is also an important commitment. Picking a topic is a critical issue that partly estimates final success of the job. The goal of a process essay is to supply readers with some instructions for completing a specific undertaking. The more research you can do in order to secure better at your upcoming profession, the better. Remember that editing may be a collaborative clinic. If you are searching for assistance with your essay then we provide a comprehensive writing service offered by fully qualified academics in your area of study. A whole lot of the job in philosophy is making sure you've got your opponent's position right. At the exact same time, detecting cause and effect relationships isn't that easy in regards to the selection of a superior cause and effect essay topic. A few the negatives ramifications are harm, absence of operation in many tasks, and at times even wellness difficulties. Avoid falling asleep in the center of your undertaking! The study shall concentrate on the affect the provider. Very often it becomes hard to choose 1 topic either on account of the many ideas in the student's head, or due to their complete absence. Education research paper topics provide education majors a selection of samples about how to compose projects which range from Adult Learning Theories to Early Education Literacy. Political and public administration topics can be challenging for students to determine independently. This form of a topic calls for a great deal of research on the matter. Ergo, it's a lot more suitable to research a specific portion of the topic rather than covering it totally. At the conclusion of the second or third page, you realize you have deviated from this issue and may be even lost. When you are requested to decide on a great topic for your argument, start with something you're familiarized with.

The Road Not Taken Essay Example For Students

The Road Not Taken Essay The Road Not Taken Essay By Robert Frost Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth; Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear; Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same, In Robert Frosts, The Road Not Taken, there is a hint of romanticism in this poem in sighing over what might have been. I get a mental image of a man, standing at a fork in a path, contemplating which path to travel. Finally this man decides to walk down the path that is slightly more grassy, meaning possibly less walked down. He walks down this path with the hopes of seeing magnificent things, things the other more traveled path would not have. Later, when he tells his story with a sigh, we get the impression that at first he regretted his choice to walk down the road less traveled, because maybe the sights were not as magnificent as he originally imagined. However, quickly after, we get a sense that he changes his mind, and is ridding his mind of regrets and embracing his choice to take the road not taken.

Kenyas Rose Imports to Holland Essay Example

Kenyas Rose Imports to Holland Essay International Management 2011 Group 7 5 March 2011 Hereby, we declare that this work submitted is our own work, and that it has not been previously submitted on any other course at another institution. Name| Student Number| Date| Signature| Govert van Drimmelen| 9408596| | | Frans Jacobs| 210234993| | | Francois Viljoen| 201245922| | | Frances Roets| 97082154| | | Kaashni Pillay| 210234870| | | Marisa Da Silva Valga| 98011161| | | Mbhavi Raedani| 99026820| | | Sarel Venter| 201194601| | | Stephanie du Preez| 209315211| | | Table of Contents Background on Kenya5 Brief Overview of the business Environment5 The Kenyan Economy:6 Kenya Trade, Exports and Imports9 Kenya Trade: Exports9 Kenya Trade: Imports9 Flower growing in Kenya10 Why is Kenya so successful with flower growing? 10 Threats:10 The Future Prospects and Trends of the Flower Industry in Kenya11 Background on The Netherlands (Holland)12 Background and Market Information12 Flower Industry Background13 The Dutch Flower Auction Concept14 Some Lessons the Auctioneers Learned16 FloraHolland17 Our Current Situation20 De Roos Florist – Amsterdam Sloten20 Supply Chain Diversification22 Definition: Supply chain diversification22 Advantages of diversification22 More emphasis on value chain innovation22 A stronger focus on cost reduction22 Increasing sales to present customers23 Building new or more flexible competition23 Disadvantages23 Supply Chain Decisions24 1. Location Decisions:24 2. Production Decisions24 3. Inventory Decisions27 4. Transportation Decisions27 Growers28 Roses29 Inventory Rules31 Types of inventory33 Supply Chain for Import34 Export and Import Regulations and Taxes36 Duties and VAT36 Customs Entries36 Payment36 Currency36 Open Account (OA)37 Documentary Letter of Credit (LC)37 Terms of Delivery37 Import Duties37 Import Taxes38 Import Regulations of the Netherlands on Plant Health38 Points of entry38 We will write a custom essay sample on Kenyas Rose Imports to Holland specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Kenyas Rose Imports to Holland specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Kenyas Rose Imports to Holland specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer List of importers and Approved places of inspection38 Import Declaration Form (IDF)39 Quality Inspection39 Customs Import Entry39 Special Permits/Certificates40 The role of the exporters40 Distribution and Transportation Process42 The Cool Chain43 CONCLUSION51 References:53 Background on Kenya Brief Overview of the business Environment Located in East Africa, Kenya lies on the Equator bordered by Somalia, Ethiopia, Sudan, Uganda, Tanzania and the Indian Ocean. It covers an area of some 592,909 sq. km and has a population of approximately 30 million people. Much of the country, especially in the north and east, is arid or semi-arid. Kenya is essentially an agricultural economy mainly dealing in horticulture and crops like coffee and tea. The country has been politically stable since it gained its independence in 1963, and the recent peaceful transition of power to the new administration has been widely praised as an impressive example of African democracy in action. The landslide victory of President Mwai Kibaki and the National Rainbow Coalition (NARC) in presidential and legislative elections in December 2002 marked the beginning of a new political era by ending almost four decades of one-party rule. The new administration has embarked on policies that focus on economic development, building up the country’s infrastructure and generating employment. The peaceful transition in 2002 demonstrated Kenya’s stability and political maturity. Further, a number of organizations and governments have based their regional headquarters in Nairobi. Moves to liberalize the economy taken over the last ten years have laid the groundwork for an investment-friendly environment in Kenya. The economic recovery strategy is targeted to achieve an 8% growth rate and industrial status for Kenya by 2025, creating 500,000 jobs a year in the process. The Central Bank of Kenya has pledged to pursue â€Å"a stable monetary policy, which accommodates the highest economic growth rate possible†, while keeping inflation low and stable. Kenya is an important player in East Africa. Strategically placed, with a major port, Mombasa, and well-developed financial markets, the country has the makings of a regional services hub in banking, information and transportation (Kenya Business Environment report, June 2005). The Kenyan Economy: National or Regional Currency: Kenyan Shilling, KES Population: 39. 8 million Area: total: 580,367 sq km Capital: name: Nairobi The regional hub for trade (imports and exports) and finance in East Africa, Kenya has been hampered by corruption (including cronyism and nepotism) and by reliance upon several primary favourables whose prices or pricing have remained depressed. In 1997, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) suspended Kenyas Enhanced Structural Adjustment Program due to the states failure to sustain reform and curb corruption (including cronyism and nepotism). A severe drought from 1999 to 2000 compounded Kenyas problems, causing water and energy rationing and reducing agricultural, agrarian, fisheries and farming output. As a result, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) contracted by 0. 2 per cent in 2000. The International Monetary Fund (IMF), which had resumed loans in 2000 to aid Kenya through the drought, again halted lending in 2001 when the state failed to institute several anticorruption (including cronyism and nepotism) measures. Despite the return of strong rains in 2001, weak commodity prices or pricing, endemic corruption (including cronyism and nepotism), and depressed investment put a ceiling on Kenyas growth of the economy to 1. 2 per cent. Growth lagged at 1. 1 per cent in 2002 because of erratic rains, depressed investor confidence, meager donor support, and political infighting up to the elections. In the key December 2002 elections, Daniel Arap MOIs 24-year-old reign ended, and a new opposition government took on the formidable economic problems facing the country. After some early progress in eliminating corruption (including cronyism and nepotism) and encouraging donor support, the KIBAKI government was rocked by high-level graft scandals in 2005 and 2006. In 2006 the World Bank (WB) and International Monetary Fund (IMF) delayed loans pending action by the state on corruption (including cronyism and nepotism). The international financial institutions and donors have since resumed lending, despite little action on the states part to deal with corruption (including cronyism and nepotism). Post-election violence in early 2008, coupled with the knock-on effects of the global economic downturn on remittance and exports, reduction of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth to 2. 2 per cent in 2008, down from 7 per cent the previous year. Country Forecast Overview (3 Years) Key Indicators| 2010| 2011| 2012| Real GDP Growth (%)| 2. 30| 2. 70| 3. 10| Consumer Price Inflation (av;%)| 3. 96| 5. 80| 5. 50| Budget Balance (% of GDP)| -7. 00| -6. 50| -6. 20| Current-Account Balance (% of GDP)| -9. 20| -8. 40| -6. 80| Exchange Rate US$:Euro (av)| 79. 17| 81. 79| 83. 50| Exchange Rate US$:Euro(year-end)| 80. 75| 82. 40| 84. 00| Source: Country Forecast Kenya May 2010 Year| GDP in Billions of USD PPP| % GDP Growth| 2006| 53. 75| 3. 56| 2007| 59. 26| 4. 31| 2008| 61. 58| -0. 96| 2009| 63. 79| 0. 00| 2010| 67. 36| 2. 30| Source: EIU Country Data Kenya: risk assessment Risk| February 2011| Sovereign risk| B| Currency risk| B| Banking sector risk| CCC| Political risk| CC| Economic structure risk| CC| Source: Kenya: Country risk summary (Kenya Country Snapshot, 2011) The performance of the Kenyan economy in 2009 was severely affected by three adverse shocks. First, the second-round effects of the global economic downturn depressed Kenya’s main export markets. Second, the erratic, delayed and shorter rainfall had a negative impact on the agricultural and power sectors. Third, the prolonged effects of the 2008 post-election violence depressed investor confidence and had adverse effects on the whole Kenyan conomy and population. As a result, the Kenyan economy is expected to have grown by 2. 5% in 2009. In spite of the slump of international capital markets, Kenya demonstrated the depth and liquidity of its domestic capital market by successfully floating two infrastructure bonds in 2009. The 2010 outlook for the Kenyan economy is more positive. First, Kenya’s exports are likely to benefit from the expected recovery in world economic growth and the increase in prices for some of Kenya’s main exports recorded in early 2010. Second, the impact of the 2009 fiscal stimulus, implemented by the government in late 2009, will be felt throughout 2010. Public and private investments are also expected to increase in 2010. As a result, the Kenyan economy is expected to grow by 3. 6% in 2010. Risks to a robust recovery in 2010 remain significant, however. Given the importance of agriculture to gross domestic product (GDP) and employment, any delay in the long or short rainy season will have severe economic and social consequences. Progress on improving institutional transparency is also critical for all Kenyan stakeholders to be confidently engaged. Particular attention needs to be paid to issues arising from the evictions and relocations of those who had settled in the Mau Forest, Kenya’s main water catchment area. Similarly, the International Criminal Court’s progress in investigating Kenya’s post-election violence, as well as efforts to have the constitution put to a referendum in 2010, will be closely watched. (African economic outlook, 2011) Kenya Trade, Exports and Imports Kenya is largely a trade deficit country. The negative balance of trade occurs because the countrys exports are vulnerable to both international prices and the weather conditions. Since independence, Kenya has enjoyed close international relations, particularly with the western countries. It is also a member of several regional trade blocs, such as the COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa) and the EAC (East African Community). These blocs are key components of Kenya’s trade volumes. Kenya Trade: Exports Agricultural productivity is central to Kenyas export industry. More than 75% of the population is engaged in agriculture and allied activities, which contribute almost 25% to the national production. Horticultural produce and ea are the major items of export for Kenya. In 2006, the combined share of these two products was 10 times higher than the share of the other export items. The country has subsistence petroleum production, which is consumed internally and exported to neighboring countries. Kenya has signed an MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) with China regarding oil exploration in the country. Till January 2010, no oil was found. Apart from horticulture and tea, other major items of export are flowers, coffee, fish and cement. In 2009, Kenya’s exports grossed over US$4. 9 billion. The UK is the largest export partner of Kenya, accounting for more than 10% of the total export volumes. It is followed by the Netherlands, Uganda, Tanzania, the US and Pakistan. Kenya Trade: Imports Kenya’s imports include machinery, transport equipments, motor vehicles, metals, plastics and electrical equipments. India and the UAE are the largest import partners for Kenya. In 2009, both countries accounted for more than 11% of the total import volume. Other major import partner countries are China, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Japan and the US. Flower growing in Kenya Kenya’s horticulture sector currently ranks as one of the economy’s fastest growing industries, the third largest foreign exchange earner after tourism and tea. This has been reflected in year on year expansion on fruit, vegetable and flower exports. The industry exported 117,713 tons of flowers in 2009. Major export market is Europe where Kenya commands a 38% of the market share. Roses account for 70% of Kenya’s flower exports. 97% of flower exports is by large scaled companies mostly owned by foreigners. (Mtiambo, S. 2008). Why is Kenya so successful with flower growing? Excellent Climate: Although Kenya is located at the equator, considerable differences in altitude allow for a great variety of climatic conditions from the hot coastal plain up to the cool highlands. * Workforce of hard working, educated men and women * Reasonable infrastructure * Good investment by local and foreign investors * The capital city, Nairobi is the main transport hub and served by mainly airlines, thereby allowing for easy transportation to other countries. * Maintenance of high standards by Compliance to Codes of Practice, traceability, due diligence and ethical trading. Threats: Rising competition due to the emergence of other exported, e. g. China, who has emerged as a giant in the Asian block and is a large producer and exporter of floriculture products in Asia (Karabo et. Al, 2010). * The strong shilling, which has eroded Kenya’s market share in flowers over the past few years. * Pressure from environmental activitists relating to the carbon miles, where the longer a flower travels, the more it contributes to pollution via carbon emission. * Pest and weed control, which is very expensive and has environmental and safety implications. * Natural disasters – e. g. Volcanic ash and adverse winter conditions in 2010. S. Mbatiah, 2011). * Requirements of large buyers for quality, reliability of delivery and product differentiation. * Increasing c oncentration at various points in the value chain raises issues about access for small producers and the returns they might get. * Dominance by large scale producers, which leaves not much benefit for those at the bottom of the pyramid. (Mtiambo, S. , 2008). The Future Prospects and Trends of the Flower Industry in Kenya The new trend shows the cost of production is increasing while the overall consumption is declining. Therefore, there is need to shift more attention to consumption oriented approaches. Quality, cost and diversity of products will be determinants for survival in the industry. Consumer demand for fair traded flowers shall take a front stage. Good production practices, competitive advantages and strategic behavior will determine the sustainability of the industry. Modern distribution will dominate the market with new business drivers. Different product concepts and positioning (flowers and plants arrangements) that will satisfy the increasing consumer demand for variation in personal gifts and taste will account for a significant percentage of the turnover of the flower market. Kenya will continue to dominate production in Africa because of the favorable investment policy for the flower industry, the production conditions and the improved infrastructure. It will remain a net exporter of flower products. Like China, it should focus on research so as to improve on its local varieties, strive to develop the home market, be innovative and become a self-bearing industry. In conclusion, Kenya is a very promising country to diversify the Input supply portion of the value chain. (Karabo et. Al, 2011) Background on The Netherlands (Holland) Background and Market Information Holland is located in Europe. Germany lies on Holland’s eastern border and Belgium on Holland’s southern border. On the western and northern borders, Holland lies next to the North Sea. Holland’s total land area is 41,848 km? , of which 8478 km? are under flower and foliage crops. Holland’s land area has a water mass of 18. 41%. Holland has an estimated population of 16,491,852. The average growth rate is 0. 436%. Holland’s fertility rate is below the 2. 1 –rate required to replace natural population. Life expectancy is high; 79 for woman and 78 for men. Senior citizens are seen as a potential market group, as their children left the house and the mortgage are paid off. Thus leaving this target market group with more spending money for luxuries. The opposite of this again, shows an increase of one and two person households, creating an increase in the household market. The most spoken language is Dutch, with recognized regional languages is Low Saxon, Limburgish, Frisian, English and Papiamento. Holland declared their independence on 26 July 1581, and their independence was recognized on 30 January 1648. Holland is ruled by a Parliamentary democracy under a Constitutional Monarch. The current Monarch is Queen Beatrix. Mark Rutte from the VVD is the current Prime Minister. Holland has been playing a key role in the European economy since the 16th century. Shipping, fishing, trade and banking have been leading sectors in the Dutch economy. Holland is one of the worlds 10 leading exporting countries, and has the 16th largest economy in the world. Inflation is 1. 3% and unemployment is 4. 0%. This unemployment percentage is the lowest of all the European Union member states. Holland has a relatively low GINI coefficient of 0. 326. Amsterdam is the 5th busiest tourist destination in Europe, and gets more than 4. 2  million international visitors per year. The Aalsmeer flowers uction is the largest flower market in the world, and is run by FloraHolland. The current sales of cut flowers in Holland are â‚ ¬893 Million. The consumer market is the most important offset market in Holland, since they consume two thirds of these sales. Research had shown that Holland consumers bought fewer flowers in 2005 than in 2000. The ongoing economic crisis in Holland h ad a major effect on consumer spending. Consumers blamed it on less spending money and the high prices of flowers. Quality is one of the most important criteria for buying flowers, but the cost price has become a more important priority, especially to woman. Holland consumers also look at the perishable effect of flowers. About 60% of cut flower sales are spent on flower gift bouquets. This percentage is comparable to France. About 30% of this 60% are spent on birthday bouquets. Mother’s day is also a special day with the highest percentage of sales. In 2004 sales had grown to 26% from the 20% in 2002. Valentine’s Day has also grown the past two years, respectively to 10% and 11%. Flower Industry Background The world’s two biggest flower auctions are based in Aalsmeer (VBA) and in Naaldwijk/ Bleiswijk (BVH). On average 30 million flowers are traded in 100 000 transactions annually. During 1996 each of these markets had an annual turnover of 30 Billion Dollars. These flowers originate from countries such as Holland, Israel, Kenya and Zimbabwe. The Dutch flower auctions play a crucial role in Holland’s leadership in this type of industry. Holland provides efficient centres for price discovery and transactions between buyers and sellers. These auctions use the â€Å"Dutch auction† as the means for price discovery. These auction markets are established as cooperatives by Dutch growers. The Dutch Flower Auction Concept The Dutch auctions are characterized by using a computerized auction clock. The clock provides the buyers information regarding the producer, product, unit of currency, quality and minimum purchase quantity. Flowers are then transported through the auction room, and shown to all the prospective buyers. The clock hand then starts at a high price, which is predetermined by the auctioneer, and drops until a buyer stops the clock by pushing a button. The auctioneer will then communicate with the buyer regarding the quantity he/she would like to buy. After the transaction, the clock is reset or the flowers which are left on the floor, and the process begins all over again. Sometimes a new minimum quantity is set, until all the flowers are sold. The Dutch flower auction is an exceptionally efficient auctioning system, as it can handle a deal every four seconds. Caused by the increased imports, the VBA and BVH were close to its limits in terms of capacity, complexity and expansion room. One of the answers to these limitations was the introduction of new electronic auctioning systems. Four electronic auctioning systems were introduced to the markets. * The Vidifleur Auction (VA) The Sample Based Auction (SBA) * The Tele Flower Auction (TFA) – â€Å"Buyers have to trust the quality blindfold† * The Buying at Distance Auction (BADA) Unfortunately the VA and SBA failed, but the TFA and BADA deemed great successes. The VA was terminated in late 1991, as trading was difficult through screen-based trading. The SBA was discontinued the late 1995, due to decreased numbers of transactions per hour, and the negative effect on the functioning of growers, the auction house and buyers. The TFA The TFA was created by East Africa Flowers (EAF) after the Dutch flower auctions imposed import restrictions. During the traditional import season 30% of the EAF’s flowers could not be traded. During the summer season 100% of EAF’s flowers could not be traded. In December 1994 the EAF announced the creation of the Tele Flower Auction (TFA). On 24 March 1005 TFA was initiated with 70 buyers and 2 growers. A few months later the EAF decided that growers from other countries were also allowed to use the TFA. These were countries such as Colombia, Spain, India, France and Israel. After the TFA had been in use for one year the network increased to 35 growers and 150 buyers. Buyers bid via their personal computer (PC). Their PC’s are connected to a fully computerized auction clock. Flowers are not visible to buyers, as they are not present in the auction room. Each buyer can earmark interesting lots before the auction starts. The system will then warn the buyers before each of his earmarked lots are up for sale. The system provides information regarding the producer, product, unit of currency, quality, and minimum quantity for purchase. For each lot of flowers, 2 images are presented on the PC. The auction system remains the same: Dutch Flower Auction. The buyers see the Dutch auction clock on the PC screen. When the buyer needs to buy, he will stop the clock, the auctioneer will then communicate over an open telephone connection about the quantity of flowers he would like to purchase. The clock is then reset, and the process is repeated, until the lot of flowers is sold. All flower producers send the flowers to EAF, which is situated in Amstelveen. Distribution of the sold flowers is done by transporters of EAF. All transport costs are paid by EAF. The whole TFA process in EAF is done with considerable speed, as some deliveries are made to buyers within half an hour after a sale. 30% of TFA’s buyers regularly inspect the premises and flowers. Quality control is done by TFA’s inspectors at the producers, at the distribution pint in Nairobi and at the TFA in Amstelveen. The flower prices on average were not significantly higher or lower than the traditional Dutch flower auctions. TFA expected a 50 million dollar turnover for the growing season of 1995/1996. Compared to the seven Dutch flower auction markets, TFA ranks forth. On 14 January 2010 the Mavuno Group (Kenya) and the flower auction FloraHolland announced that all activities of TFA would be integrated into FloraHolland. This means a broader sales network to all TFA suppliers. The Mavuno Group in Kenya consists of the Oserian Development Company (250 ha farm) in Naivasha, Bloom (flower exporter/ retail supplier in Holland), World Flowers (Retail supplier in the UK), Fast Track Flowers (Retail supplier in the UK, grown product), East African Flowers (EAF, clearing in Holland) and Airflo (freight forwarding ) in Nairobi. By integrating the Mavuno group and TFA with FloraHolland all their producers were able to access to the virtual clock system, alternative digital selling systems and the direct sales of FloraHolland. For the TFA suppliers and buyers this meant increased efficiency in the logistical chain. The BADA The Buying at Distance Auction (BADA) was started by the Flower Auction Holland in 1996. The concept uses the idea that buyers can connect via a modem to several auction clocks in auction rooms. This project started off with 16 buyers and six clocks. By 1997, 60 buyers were on the waiting list. Lower travel costs were reported for this auctioning system. Some Lessons the Auctioneers Learned 1. The increased use of information technology and the separation of informational and physical trading will permit more varied forms of trading, customized to different buyers’ requirements. 2. Conformance of the actual and perceived quality of the product, logistical performance and IT performance result in an increased trust factor and to a successful electronic auction system. 3. New entrants can quickly build competitive advantage with a modern auction system model. FloraHolland Since the 1950’s Holland has been at the centre of the world flower trade. It has a functional trade system to facilitate the movement of cut flowers. Flower producers from around the world assemble at the famous flower actions. These auctions offer at a central marketplace for the buying and selling of floricultural products. Flowers are imported from various parts of the world, in order to create the largest selection possible. FloraHolland is a modern business with six auction centres, a nationally-operating intermediary organization, and an import department. FloraHolland is a primary cooperative: it is owned by its 6000 members. There is no legal separation between the cooperative and the business. This joining of forces is unique in the world. 39 Clocks are operated daily at the FloraHolland centres. This means 125 000 auction transactions every day, and 12 Billion cut flowers and over half a million plants a year. FloraHolland uses Image Auctioning. This means that flowers and plants are no longer taken into the auction rooms; but stays in the cold stores. Instead, photographs of the flowers are displayed in the auction rooms, from which the buyers can purchase. The advantage of this system is that the flowers and plants can be taken directly from the cold stores to the customer after the sale. The auctioning process continually needs to be renewed and improved. Thus, at the Aalsmeer location, all the traditional clocks have been replaced by projected clocks. These clocks have been redesigned to offer more information to buyers. Now, buyers are assisted with producer logos and photographs to encourage their purchasing decisions. FloraHolland Connect offers customized services to all buyers and their retail buyers. Their intermediaries are able to assist with targeted National and International product sourcing. These FloraHolland Connect packages include negotiation support, proper registration of all agreements between producers and buyers and comprehensible logistic agreements. They also offer assistance with resolving any disputes between producers and buyers. FloraHolland Connect is also an innovative associate for customers to offer commercial support and to contribute creative ideas. Figure 1 Top 10 Cut Flowers Auction Turnover in Euros 1 000 000 Our Current Situation De Roos Florist – Amsterdam Sloten We have a 250m? shop at 8 Ditsloot Laan in Sloten, Amsterdam. We are across the highway from Schipol Airport in Amsterdam and 15 kilometers from Aalsmeer Flower Market. Our marketing consists of a web dress and advertisements in our local newspaper, the Amsterdam News. We supply flowers and gifts for all occasions, specializing in flowers, potted plants and foliage plants. We offer a wide choice of bouquets, wines, champagnes, bears, chocolates and balloons. Orders are easily processed on our website, as customers only need to register once with all their information, and then on their second and later purchases only need to log in. Purchasing methods is possible by cash transfers, iDeal, Visa, Mastercard and American express. For a delivery in Amsterdam, same day deliveries are possible if the order was placed before 12pm. For the rest of Holland, deliveries will be made the day after the order was placed. A delivery fee of â‚ ¬8 will be charged for deliveries outside of Amsterdam. Currently we are daily buying flowers from FloraHolland at the Aalsmeer Flower Market. We have skilled employees who repack the flowers and create the bouquets. Supply Chain Diversification Definition: Supply chain diversification Supply chain diversification is a manufacturing business terminology used to describe the act of increasing choices for when to order what supplies from whom to bring products to the market. In short, it describes the abundance and flexibility of the suppliers for a certain product. Supply chain diversification is not a simple method of making suppliers compete with each other for the best price. It is more about preparing ones supply chain to be flexible for any kind of problem that the market throws at you. Advantages of diversification More emphasis on value chain innovation Efforts to reinvent the industry value chain can have a fourfold payoff: Lower costs, better product or service quality, greater capability to turn out multiple or customized product variations (upgrades), and shorter design-to-market cycles. Growers can mechanize high-cost activities, re-design production practices to improve labor efficiency, build flexibility into the â€Å"assembly† process so that customized product versions can be easily produced, and increase use of advanced technology (robotics, computerized controls, and automated/guided vehicles. ) Suppliers of parts and components, input manufacturers, distributors, and buyers can collaborate on the use of internet technology and e-commerce techniques to streamline various value chain activities and implement cost-saving innovations. A stronger focus on cost reduction Stiffening price competition gives growers extra incentive to drive down unit costs. Company cost-reduction initiatives can cover a broad front. Some of the most frequently pursued options are pushing suppliers for better prices, implementing tighter supply chain management practices, cutting low-value activities out of the value chain, developing more economical product designs, streamline order processing and pulling, reengineering internal processes using e-commerce technology, and shifting to more economical distribution arrangements and systems (e. . racking systems). Increasing sales to present customers In a mature market, growing by taking customers away from rivals may not be as appealing as expanding sales to existing customers. Strategies to increase purchases by existing customers can involve providing complementary items and ancillary services, and finding more ways for customers to use the product. Developing deeper relationships with key buyers (through personal visits , customized mailings, etc. ) will more often than not pay big dividends. Building new or more flexible competition The stiffening pressures of competition in a maturing or already mature market can often be combated by strengthening the company’s resource base and competitive capabilities. This can mean adding new competencies or capabilities (by either making or buying them), deepening existing competencies to make them harder to imitate, or striving to make core competencies more adaptable to changing customer requirements and expectations. Disadvantages Perhaps the biggest strategic mistake a company can make as the floricultural industry matures is steering a middle course between low cost, differentiation, and focusing; blending efforts to achieve low cost with efforts to incorporate differentiating features and efforts to focus on a limited (niche or cache) target market. Such strategic compromises typically result in a firm ending up stuck in the middle, with a fuzzy strategy, too little commitment to winning a competitive advantage, an average image with buyers, and little chance of springing into the leading ranks of the industry. Other strategic pitfalls include being slow to adapt existing competencies and capabilities to defend against stiffening competitive pressures, concentrating more on protecting short-term profitability than on building or maintaining long-term competitive position, waiting too long to respond to price cutting by rivals, over-expanding in the face of slowing growth, overspending on advertising and sales promotion efforts in a losing effort to combat the growth slowdown, and failing to pursue cost reductions and/or production efficiencies soon enough or aggressively enough. Supply Chain Decisions Supply chain management decisions are classified into two broad categories strategic and operational. As the term implies, strategic decisions are made typically over a longer time horizon. These are closely linked to the corporate strategy, and guide supply chain policies from a design perspective. On the other hand, operational decisions are short term, and focus on activities over a day-to-day basis. The effort in these types of decisions is to effectively and efficiently manage the product flow in the strategically planned supply chain. There are four major ecision areas in supply chain management: 1) location, 2) production, 3) inventory, and 4) transportation (distribution), and there are both strategic and operational elements in each of these decision areas. 1. Location Decisions: The geographic placement of production facilities, stocking points, and sourcing points is the natural first step in creating a supply chain. The location of facilities invol ves a commitment of resources to a long-term plan. Once the size, number, and location of these are determined, so are the possible paths by which the product flows through to the final customer. These decisions are of great significance to a firm since they represent the basic strategy for accessing customer markets, and will have a considerable impact on revenue, cost, and level of service. These decisions should be determined by an optimization routine that considers production costs, taxes, duties and duty drawback, tariffs, local content, distribution costs, production limitations, etc. Although location decisions are primarily strategic, they also have implications on an operational level. 2. Production Decisions A. The strategic decisions include what products to produce, and which plants to produce them in, allocation of suppliers to plants, plants to DCs, and DCs to customer markets. As before, these decisions have a big impact on the revenues, costs and customer service levels of the firm. These decisions assume the existence of the facilities, but determine the exact path(s) through which a product flows to and from these facilities. Another critical issue is the capacity of the manufacturing facilitiesand this largely depends the degree of vertical integration within the firm. Operational decisions focus on detailed production scheduling. These decisions include the construction of the master production schedules, scheduling production on machines, and equipment maintenance. Other considerations include workload balancing, and quality control measures at a production facility. * Increase production of summer flowers and lilies * Increasing scale of production of Roses and deliver to supermarkets and other mass retail chains B. Market channels in production decisions * Value-oriented customers Value in terms of prices has a significant effect on flower and plant expenditures and eventually plays an important role in explaining part of the trends in marketing these products. For example, the flats in the bedding and garden segment are assumed to be cheaper flower products compared to the others. Therefore, they are increasingly available in mass merchandise stores. People with low income who tend to buy these flowers are attracted to these low-price super centers. Value segmentation appears to be the most important market driver in selling De Roos flowers. Value will play an important role in raising sales from De Roos florist by introducing cheaper bedding plant cultivars and make large-volume sales through mass merchandise stores and supermarkets. Price will play a selective role in raising sales from potted flowering plants, foliages and cut flowers. With the increasing demand for large containers that have high-quality combinations, roses would continue to be expensive for value-oriented consumers. * Convenience Convenience will have an important role in raising sales from cut flowers and potted flowering plants. The indulgence market segment also plays a moderately important role in selling Roses, and other plant products. These market segments will provide broad opportunities for cut flower products that are mainly used as gift items, especially during calendar holidays and for special occasions. Cut flowers and potted flowering plants also fit into the coordinated and seasonal fashion trend and mostly they are a key element in indoor designs and decorations. As foliage plants continue to be widely used for interior decorations, the fashion and design market segment would also play a significant role in selling these plants. Convenience is becoming increasingly important for consumers when buying different flower and plant products. An increasing number of consumers are busy and perceive that they have less time for feeding and watering plants. Or some consumers want to buy plants and flowers that do not take weeks and months to mature. Others want to buy them in convenient containers and pots or they want products that are easily portable from one place to the other. Convenience is also one of the key factors in selling De Roos flower products. In particular, convenience would have an important role in raising sales from ut flowers and potted flowering plants. Convenience-oriented consumers will not be attracted to some of the bedding and garden plants, particularly the flats. Because these consumers do not have the time to continuously water and feed plants and flowers. They rather look for larger near-mature potted flowering plants or cut flowers. Large container and pot innovations that make plant ha ndling and growing easier or packaging innovations that improve the outside look of the container maintaining and improving plant quality would help to increase sales in this market segment. Cut flowers are coming well prepared and ready for use in arrangements, boutiques or consumers can buy them in single stems and they are easily transportable products. * Indulgence Indulgence considers a broad array of flower and plant attributes designed to meet consumers’ desires, as opposed to their needs. In this market segment, the consumers have unique attachment to the products, and they are buying not the item but the experience expressed in some ways. These consumers will buy the product because they might have connection to the products since childhood, they may like gardening and working with the plants, etc. In this group, there are also luxury or impulse buyers who pursue their intense emotion in purchasing flowers and plants. Holidays and special occasions are other aspects of indulgence that influence the market for flowers and plants. Cut flowers are the leading floral products that are used as gift items, especially during calendar holidays and for special occasions. They are also becoming increasingly appealing to the impulse purchaser. Therefore, the indulgence market segment will provide broad product development opportunities for De Roos florist. In the indulgence market segment, foliage plant will benefit from different consumer groups that purchase these plants for different purposes. Some consumers may want to have these plants, simply because they like them from experience or they know the performances of the plant from previous years. 3. Inventory Decisions These refer to means by which inventories are managed. Inventories exist at every stage of the supply chain as either raw material, semi-finished or finished goods. They can also be in-process between locations. Their primary urpose is to buffer against any uncertainty that might exist in the supply chain. Since holding of inventories can cost anywhere between 20 to 40 percent of their value, their efficient management is critical in supply chain operations. It is strategic in the sense that top management sets goals. However, most researchers have approached the management of inventory from an operational perspective. These include deployment strategies (push versus pull), control policies the determination of the optimal levels of order quantities and reorder points, and setting safety stock levels, at each stocking location. These levels are critical, since they are primary determinants of customer service levels. 4. Transportation Decisions The mode choice aspects of these decisions are the more strategic ones. These are closely linked to the inventory decisions, since the best choice of mode is often found by trading-off the cost of using the particular mode of transport with the indirect cost of inventory associated with that mode. While air shipments may be fast, reliable, and warrant lesser safety stocks, they are expensive. Meanwhile shipping by sea or rail may be much cheaper, but they necessitate holding relatively large amounts of inventory to buffer against the inherent uncertainty associated with them. Therefore customer service levels and geographic location play vital roles in such decisions. Since transportation is more than 30 percent of the logistics costs, operating efficiently makes good economic sense. Shipment sizes (consolidated bulk shipments versus Lot-for-Lot), routing and scheduling of equipment are key in effective management of the firms transport strategy. Kenya’s Cut Flower Cluster Value Chain Growers Growers grow flowers, suppliers procure them, they then sell these flowers to the wholesalers or retailers before the flowers finally reach consumers. This sounds like a simple value chain, except that the players involved come from all over the world. The vast majority of flowers are grown in Europe, Africa, Asia and South America and the consumer base comprises of Western Europe along with North America and Japan. However, despite this fact, the biggest trade center is the Netherlands. The world cut flower trade is characterized by a high degree of concentration by sources. Germany is the main market for imports, and the Netherlands the worlds leading exporter. Exports from the Netherlands to Germany are a principal component of the world cut flower trade; they make a significant part of the intra EU trade, which itself accounts for a large part of the world trade. In the Americas, Colombia is the major supplier to the United States. Japan receives its supplies from a more diversified base, with Taiwan, New Zealand and Europe being the most important ones. Since the 1950? s Netherlands has been at the center of the world flower trade. It has a good and functional trade system to facilitate the movement of cut flowers, which form a majority of flowers which are traded. Flower growers from all over the world assemble at the famed flower auctions to find suitable buyers for their produce. These flower auctions offer a central marketplace for buying and selling of floricultural products with good facilities for growers and buyers and effective logistics. Flowers are imported from various countries in order to create the largest possible assortment of flowers. This allows the industry to overcome the handicap of wholesalers not having the opportunity to import directly out of these countries. Roses Roses need labour-intensive watering, pruning and treating before they can be clipped and flown daily to buyers in Amsterdam and London. The best are sold through (Dutch) auctions to florists; the less good end up in European supermarkets. Kenya emerged as a flower power when Israel scaled down its own industry. It has since lost business to neighbouring Ethiopia, which offers tax breaks and better security, but Naivashas perfect intensity of sunlight and days of near-constant length should keep it on top. In any case, the owners are stoical. Figure 2 EU Consumption of Cut Flowers and Foliage Inventory Control Inventory is the stored accumulation of any item which can be used in a process; usually applies to material resources but may also be used for inventories of information. This can include: raw materials, finished goods, and work – in – process. Operations Management; 6th Edition; Slack, Chambers, Johnston) As a retailer / wholesaler / distributor, we have decided to follow the ‘Single – Period Model’ for stock inventory. This model is used to handle ordering of perishables and items that have a limited shelf life. Currently as a retailer, we function with the following Inventory which is ordered, distributed, processed and kept on site: * Cut flowers * Ex. Roses, carnations, chrysanthemums, orchids * supply flowers to wholesale florists across Netherlands and Europe * Potted flowering plants * Ex. Poinsettias, chrysanthemums, Easter lilies, African violets * Pot and plant shipped to market * Foliage plants * Ex. Philodendrons, dieffenbachia’s, figs, scheffleras, dracaenas * Potted plants to be grown and sold for their leaves instead of their flowers (houseplants) * Flower Themes: * By Occasion Birthdays, anniversary, sympathy * By Sentiment Congratulations, Romantic occasions, thank you, get well soon * By variety Roses, tulips, plants and orchids Inventory Rules Rules which we will follow in order to optimise our Inventory Decision making will include: 1) Simplistic inventory policies work well. Using the ABCD inventory policies or simple weeks-of supply rules frequently get 15-30% more inventory than needed and lower service levels. 2) Holding all items at all levels in our finished goods network will give us the highest service levels. Companies with multiple tiers of finished goods distribution frequently hold wrongs amount of inventory in wrong locations and suffer out of stocks despite high inventory investments. 3) It’s fine for each location or tier in the supply chain to set its own service level targets and replenishment planning frequencies. The lack of synchronized inventory policies across manufacturing stages and distribution tiers builds up unneeded inventory across the supply chain. 4) Inventory minimization should is our goal. 5) Using purchase orders or release notices for replenishment is efficient. A growing number of companies that use cut purchase orders or release notices for their suppliers are discovering it is more effective to ask suppliers to take responsibility for maintaining inventory between min/max levels. These misconceptions around inventory impact both top line and bottom line revenue. In order to improve our inventory turnover, we have followed the following guidelines: * Keeping our purchases in small batches to keep items fresh, reduce maintenance labour, and maximize the use of our selling space * Not filling prime retail space with boring inventory items * Large volume shipments may have a lower initial unit cost but when considering the additional floor time to maintain the volume and take the risk of not selling all items before the stock wilts might not be worth the savings * To fill the empty spaces, we can display already made arrangements which can be used for special occasions * Track our profitability by categorising the perishability of: * Cut flowers / Potted Flowering plants / Foliage Plants * Cut flowers and blooming plants typically have greater perishability that demands closer accounting and greater mark-ups. * Use green plants as the safest inventory back-up for funerals and holidays. * Keeping a reasonable mark-up because of the differing deg rees of perishability and maintenance one should use a different mark-up factor for the different categories of inventory. However, because of the high perishability potential, leftovers, and cooler expense, our inventory needs the highest mark-up. * Maintaining a high standard of quality as this: * Reduces spoilage of flowers * Sells easier and faster * Easier to maintain. * Less risk of problems * Commands a greater mark-up * Ability to Upgrade into special containers * Ability to add an array of items including figurines, trellis, balloons, twigs * Design into a unique arrangement * Have something unusual. Types of inventory There are currently 5 types of inventory. These include: 1. Buffer 2. Cycle 3. De-coupling 4. Anticipation 5. Pipeline Our current day to day inventory decisions are based on: 1. How much to order? In order to determine the amount of inventory to order we consider the difference between the costs associated with holding stock and compare it against the costs associated with placing an order. * We use a well known formula to assist in the abovementioned calculations is the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) formula. * By using different stock behaviour assumptions, the EOQ formula can be adapted to different types of inventory profile. * Inventory costs directly associated with the size of the order include: * cost of placing the order * price discount costs * Stock out costs * Working capital costs * Storage costs * Obsolescence costs * Operating inefficiency costs 2. When to order? * This depends partly on the uncertainty of demand. When the order arrives, a certain level of average safety stock is retained. This is how orders are usually timed. * The level of safety stock is influenced by the viability of the lead time usage distribution which is made up of: * demand * lead time of supply * Inventory levels should be continuously reviewed when using the re-order level as a trigger for placing replenishment orders 3. How to control inventory * Computer based information systems are used to manage inventory. These systems have the following functions: * updating stock records * generation of orders * generation of inventory status reports and demand forecasts Supply Chain for Import The figure below describes the domestic part of the export supply chain. The largest flower companies have vertically integrated most of (and in at least one case, all of) the functions described above. However, the social and environmental standards used in the flower industry do not apply to parts of the supply chain beyond the â€Å"Cold room†. When the stock arrives on the aircraft, the aircraft needs to travel at a constant cool to cold temperature to the final destination. In order to maintain the freshness of the inventory throughout the supply chain, the following needs to be considered when transporting and storing: * Inventory, flowers and plants, need to be stored in appropriate packaging to enable it to have as little human handling as possible. Cut flowers and potted plants need to be kept and maintained at cool temperatures throughout the end to end supply chain * Distributors need to drive improvements in flower and plant temperature management during distribution (demand-pull) * Day-ahead flower and plant ordering by growers is requ ired to ensure that adequate time is available to cool the products prior to transportation * Transportation should offer precooling services to ensure that all flowers and plants are transported within the desired cool temperature * Investing in equipment needed to ensure adequate initial cooling and to prevent breaks in the supply chain end to end Source: http://www. nri. org/projects/NRET/2607. pdf Export and Import Regulations and Taxes Duties and VAT It is vital to ensure that you pay the correct duties and VAT on all products that you import. There are number of different excise duties (e. g. Alcohol or Tobacco duty) that apply to goods, and you need to be sure that you are paying the correct rates. As small businesses may not be VAT registered, the rules will vary depending on the product, you should be certain to clarify the duty or VAT you will need to pay, and how this will change if you register for VAT in the near future. Depending on the amount you import and export, some business will be entitled to claim back some of the duty or VAT payments that you make. A number of businesses are also entitled to delay payment of duties (mainly for goods imported from outside the EU). Customs Entries If you are importing from outside of the EU or from special EU territories (including the Canary Islands and the Channel Islands), then the goods you bring in will almost always need to be entered and declared to Customs and Excise as they arrive (Either yourself or by an approved agent). If you are importing or exporting from within the EU, then a customs declaration is not usually necessary. Although if you are VAT registered, and your EU imports or exports exceed a set amount (currently ? 233,000 a year) you will need to fill in a supplementary declaration form each month. Payment Currency It is important to remember that when you import or export goods, you may be required to pay (or accept payment) in a number of currencies. You need to arrange with the supplier or buyer in advance who will bear the costs of exchanging the currency (e. g. From Euros to Pounds); this can affect the costs a considerable amount and may need some negotiation to find the fairest option. In most cases the buyer (importer) will pay the currency conversion charges, although it now a lot easier for payment to be converted as it enters the bank account (particularly with Euro payments). Open Account (OA) This type of payment is preferable to small businesses when importing, helping you keep positive cash flow. It is however much more preferable to have payment in advance when exporting. Documentary Letter of Credit (LC) This is where the customer’s bank provides a ‘letter of credit’, which promises to pay the supplier as long as the terms are met (and the bank has the money to pay) (ILC). There s also a ‘confirmed irrevocable letter of credit’ (CILC). This is a promise by a UK (or a large world bank) to pay the supplier, and is even more secure than an ordinary letter of credit. A letter of credit is the most secure way to be paid, but you must be careful to ensure that all documents related to the sale are correct, as a serious mistake can make the letter of credit worthless. Terms of Delivery It is essential that all importing or exporting be covered by an effective set of delivery terms. In the event of a late or damaged delivery, the costs to the importer could be huge. Incoterms are a set of international standard definitions that allow terms to be set without the risk of confusion, even when translated into different languages Incoterms help to set out fair compensation rules in the event of a late, damaged, or missing delivery. They can also set out fair payment details once a complete delivery has been made. Import Duties All merchandise coming into the Netherlands must clear Customs and is subject to customs duty assessment unless the goods are duty or tax exempt by law. Customs duties are, generally, an ad valorem rate (a percentage), which is applied to the transaction value (EU Euro) of the imported goods based on the cost of the goods, insurance, and freight charges. A commercial shipment below 22 Euros: no duty and no VAT collected. * A commercial shipment between 22 Euros and 150 Euros: no duty but VAT is collected. * A commercial shipment over 150 Euros: duty and VAT are collected. Import Taxes On imports the tax is assessed on the CIF d uty-paid value at the port of entry in the Netherlands; if excise taxes or other charges (excluding VAT) are applicable, the amount levied also is included. The VAT rate is the same for both domestic and imported goods Import Regulations of the Netherlands on Plant Health Phytosanitary import requirements of the Netherlands are directly based on the plant health regime of the European Community and its Member States. The purpose of these requirements is to prevent the introduction and spread of (quarantine) pests and diseases within the European Union. Points of entry All points of entry of the Netherlands can be used for the import of plants or plant products for which a phytosanitary certificate is required. The following main points of entry are in use in the Netherlands: * The Airport of Amsterdam Schiphol * The Airport of Rotterdam * The Airport of Maastricht List of importers and Approved places of inspection Upon entry all regulated objects are subject to inspections by the Netherlands Plant Protection Service. Inspections are carried out at an approved place of inspection. In the Netherlands most of these inspections are carried out at the place of destination, such as a place of production, approved by the Netherlands Plant Protection Service, in line with Council Directive 2000/29/EC. Import Declaration Form (IDF) An IDF must be applied for and obtained from the Kenya Revenue Authority for any Commercial Importation. The Importer is responsible for applying for the IDF but may consult us for purposes of Customs Classifications which form the backbone of the information drawn from the Pro-Forma Invoice. The IDF Fee is 2. 75% of the CIF Value of the goods. A minimum payment of Ksh. 5000/= is payable for the IDF to be issued, while the difference if any, will be paid alongside the Import Taxes. Quality Inspection The Kenya Bureau of Standards has appointed two agents namely INTERTEK and SGS for the Pre export Verification of Conformity inspection of the commodities listed on the Guidelines referred bellow. These agents will issue to the Shipper/Supplier a Certificate of Conformity and the Test Results. An IDF will be required before any Inspection can be performed Customs Import Entry The following documents are required for Customs Import Entry Purposes 1. Original Commercial Invoice 2. Packing List 3. Original Bills of Lading – Two Original 4. Original Certificate of Conformity 5. Original Test Result/Report/Analysis 6. Original Certificate of Origin for Preferential Trade Area Partners e. g. COMESA. 7. Import Declaration Form and the Receipt 8. Insurance Debit Note 9. Importers Declaration(C52) Special Permits/Certificates Certain types of Importations are subject to control measures and therefore Permits must be obtained from the concerned authorities such as: * Department of Agriculture (KEPHIS) Plants Importations Permit * Fumigation Certificates The role of the exporters Exporters play an important role in the flower supply chain. They have to perform several functions, and if they are unable to, these functions act as barriers to entry. According to Dolan et al. (1999), exporters have to ensure consistency of quality, reliability of supply and the perseverance of the products. Therefore, they have to help manage the production and processing systems to ensure quality, install control mechanisms to ensure reliability of supply and monitor the use of chemicals to ensure perseverance. Exporters also have to make sure that post-harvest care is done properly so that the products have a longer shelf life. The retail sector demands flexibility and reliability in the supply, and so logistics and transport are two of the most important aspects in this chain (the products only have a short period in which they can be marketed). The exporters, so as to be able to react quickly to orders, have installed a Just-in-Time (JlT) management system. This system reduces time between harvesting, packing and delivery. Efficient logistics depend on the quick exchange of information and knowledge between the participants in the global competitive chain. Integrating the participants in the chain electronically could accomplish this. Thus, the flow of the products throughout the chain could be traced. Exporters have to secure air cargo space to be able to transport the products rapidly in a reliable manner. Large exporters are able to pre-book airfreight services because they have the resources and volumes required. Small exporters, however, have to compete with passengers for air space, which can only be arranged just before departure. Exporters need to constantly develop new products and diversify the existing ones. By working closely with the importers, this could be achieved. Once they develop new products and innovative packaging, they reduce the risk of being substituted by the supermarkets. Exporters are also dependent on importers for market information about the changes in consumer preferences, as well as for technical information. With this information the exporter is able to ensure that the product mix and product packaging adhere to the customer preferences. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Distribution and Transportation ProcessA proper management of the logistics system, that is, the unique combination of packaging, handling, storage and transportation, will ensure that the product is imported and made available to the consumer at the right time and place and in the right condition. International logistics allows country’s to export products in which they have a completive advantage and import products that are either unavailable at home or produced at a lower cost overseas. Natural resource advantages and low-cost labour has enabled countries like Kenya to export flowers to places like the UK by airfreight where in turn the products are distributed nationwide by air, water or by truck. (Seyoum)Flowers take a number of routes to the consumer, depending on where they are grown and how they are to be sold. Some growers cut and pack flowers at their nurseries, sending them directly out to the consumer by mail order. Some flowers are sent to packing companies, who grade the flowers and arrange them in bunches for sale to supermarkets or to deliver by mail order. Some flowers are graded and sleeved by the growers and sold at wholesale flower markets; the wholesalers then sell them on to florists who condition and arrange the flowers for the consumer. Africa is currently responsible for 95% of Dutch rose imports. Our import roses are primarily from Kenya and Ethiopia. The import roses include many different flower types, with a relatively long shelf-life. We have recently begun offering boxed import roses. The advantage of boxed import roses is that the roses from Kenya and Ethiopia can be directly resold to Dutch exporters. The accelerated process gets the roses to the Dutch market two days earlier than those imported in water. Furthermore, we offer boxed import roses at even better prices. Thanks to the extensive purchasing organisation and partnerships with various growers, we are able to offer (almost) all import roses on a daily basis. Even the cultivars that are not auctioned are available from us. We are therefore able to offer you a total package of import roses. Billions of flowers and plants are distributed through the wholesale markets in Holland each year. The flowers are shipped fresh daily to florists, achieving a reliable rate of safe delivery. Most shipping goes by high speed trains. The rest reach their destination by air. Specialized packaging and handling help make the worldwide trade possible. Buyers can make Dutch flower market purchases live from anywhere in the world and have delivery usually within 24 to 48 hours. Most Dutch flowers are sold to European countries, but the eastern United States and the Chicago area are sizable importers as well. (Unknown)Some flowers are sent packed flat in boxes. This enables large amounts of flowers to be packed in small spaces like aircraft holds. Other flowers cannot survive for long periods out of water such as orchids and water lilies. These are either sent with their own sealed water container (called picks) on each stem end for more expensive or tropical flowers or are transported in buckets of water. The latter method extends the life of flowers and reduces labor time as flowers are ready for sale, but obviously also reduces the amount of flowers that can be transported as they are much heavier than dry-packed flowers and hence air transportation charges are higher. (Unknown)The Cool ChainRoses are perishable goods and therefore require a little bit of extra care and attention when they are being exported or transported. Though we might not consider flowers and plants to be perishable in the same way that food stuffs are, we know that cut flowers will continue to bloom but storing them in very low temperatures will slow down their physiological development significantly, which prolongs their life and keeps them fresher for longer. With the exception of tropical breeds, cut flowers and plants should be cooled rapidly to temperatures of around 33-35 F throughout their travelling time. Truck transport of flowers can be a preferable method because temp